If the strongest outer layer of the disc ruptures, the gelatinous central part can "leak" into the spinal canal: the channel that contains the spinal cord and spinal fluid. Pain occurs when this gel, and potentially part of the outer disc and inner gel, press on the nerve roots that run along the spine.
The result can be severe back pain, accompanied by weakness in the arm or leg. Numbness may also occur due to blocked nerve signals. Even more concerning is the fact that the gel can release an irritating chemical that can contribute to inflammation and nerve pain.
Age
Age is a determining factor in herniated discs. Over time, the spinal discs gradually and naturally lose fluid volume; This phenomenon is known as degenerative disc disease . As the discs wear and tear, microscopic cracks or tears can form on the outer surface, creating an escape route for the gelatinous inner part.
Dr. Anand explains it this way: "Degeneration is [the cause] we most often observe. Think of a car tire with radial fibers on the outside. Over time, small tears form in that fiber due to use, which then become larger. In some people, the tear may become large enough for the internal part to come out."
Trauma
Trauma is the second most common cause of herniated discs. You can sprain a vertebral disc by rotating or lifting a heavy object. A disc can also rupture due to severe trauma, such as a car accident or a fall.
You may be more likely to have a herniated disc if you are obese or if other members of your family have suffered from it, as research shows that it can be hereditary.
What are the symptoms of a herniated disc?
Herniated discs can occur anywhere in the spine, but it is most common in the lower back and neck ( lumbar and cervical spine).These are the flexible parts of the spine, unlike the middle part of the back ( thoracic spine ), and since they allow most movement, they are also the ones that experience the most wear and tear, causing this loss of fluid volume.
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